Alberuni's India, translated and annotated by Edward C. Sachau, is an English translation of the Arabic book Kitab al-Hind written by the Persian scholar Al-Biruni in the 11th century. The book comprehensively describes the religion, philosophy, literature, geography, chronology, astronomy, customs, laws, and astrology of India around 1030 AD127. Al-Biruni, a polymath, accompanied Mahmud of Ghazni during his invasion of India and stayed for 13 years, studying Indian culture and religion. Sachau published the Arabic manuscript in 1885–6 and simultaneously worked on its English translation.

Comprehensive Account: Al-Biruni's India offers a comprehensive account of various aspects of Indian life, making it an important source for understanding Indian history and culture. Scholarly Analysis: The book provides a scholarly analysis of Indian religion, philosophy, and science, based on Al-Biruni's observations and interactions with Indian scholars. Influence on Later Scholars: Al-Biruni's work influenced later scholars and historians who studied India. His approach to understanding another culture analytically and on its own terms set a precedent for future studies.

Comprehensive Study of India: Al-Biruni's work provides a detailed account of various aspects of Indian life, including its religious beliefs, social structure, scientific advancements, and cultural practices. Objective Observation: Al-Biruni claimed his work to be a simple historical record of facts, without polemical intentions14. He aimed to present the theories of the Hindus exactly as they were. Comparison with Greek Thought: Al-Biruni drew parallels between Indian and Greek theories to highlight the relationships between them. Critique of Hindu Culture: While Al-Biruni commended Hindu learning in philosophy, mathematics, and astronomy, he also critiqued certain aspects of their culture and religious practices.

Objective Study of Indian Culture: Al-Biruni's India is considered the first objective book on the history of religion. It provided an analytical understanding of Indian culture that could be verified based on available evidence. Cross-Cultural Understanding: The book fostered cross-cultural understanding by presenting Indian culture to a foreign audience and highlighting the connections between Indian and Greek thought. Historical Record: Al-Biruni's work serves as a valuable historical record of India in the 11th century, preserving details about its culture, society, and scientific achievements.

Alberuni's India" by Al-Biruni, translated and annotated by Edward C. Sachau, is a comprehensive and insightful account of Indian life and culture in the 11th century. The book's importance lies in its detailed descriptions, scholarly analysis, and cross-cultural perspective. While it has faced some criticisms, it remains a valuable resource for understanding Indian history and its cultural significance.