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Description	Pandit Kishan Maharaj (3 September 1923 – 4 May 2008) was a legendary tabla virtuoso of the Benares gharana, renowned for his technical brilliance and rhythmic innovations. Birth: Born in Kabir Chaura, Varanasi, on Krishna Janmashtami (auspicious Hindu festival) to a family of musicians. Lineage: Trained initially by his father Hari Maharaj, later by uncle Kanthe Maharaj (disciple of Baldeo Sahai) after his father’s early death. Debut: Began performing at age 11, quickly gaining recognition. Versatility: Mastered cross-rhythms and tihai (three-part rhythmic resolutions), excelling in solo and accompaniment roles for sitar, sarod, dhrupad, and kathak. Collaborations: Performed with legends like Pandit Ravi Shankar, Ustad Bade Ghulam Ali Khan, Pandit Bhimsen Joshi, and Sitara Devi. Global Reach: Toured internationally, including the 1965 Edinburgh Festival and Commonwealth Arts Festival (UK). Film Contributions: Played in movies like Banaras Utsav (2003) and accompanied S.D. Burman’s recordings. Innovations: Known for melodic phrasing on tabla and geometric rhythmic patterns, blending Benares gharana’s power with nuanced expression. Stage Presence: Famously demanded an Indian flag at a California concert before performing, asserting cultural pride. Padma Shri (1973) and Padma Vibhushan (2002). Sangeet Natak Akademi Award (1984) and Hafiz Ali Khan Award (1986). Sangeet Samrat title from Prayag Sangit Samiti (1969). Notable Students: Kumar Bose, Sandeep Das, Sukhvinder Singh Namdhari, and son Puran Maharaj. Philosophy: Viewed the stage as a “battleground” where musicians must earn respect through artistry. Passing: Died on 4 May 2008 in Khajuri, Varanasi, at 84. Cultural Impact: Cemented the Benares gharana’s prominence and inspired generations of percussionists.
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